What is Geology?

Geology is a science that deals with the physical structure and substance of the earth, the history of the earth, and the natural outcomes of the earth, which include minerals, metals, and much more. It is derived from a Greek word that means earth-Logia. In modern English, it is known as the science that deals with the physical structure and substance of the earth, the history of the earth, and the natural outcomes of the earth, which includes minerals, metals, and much more.

Types of Geology

There are four major types of geology. These are,

1. Physical Geology

This field of geology studies the physical features and processes of Earth. It explores the natural phenomenon that form different types of environments (mountain, plains, volcanoes, rivers etc). It also includes the study of minerals and other materials on Earth.

2. Historical Geology

This field of geology studies the geological history of the Earth. It studies the changes that have occurred in the Earth and its life forms since billions of years as well as the life or extinction of living things on Earth.

3. Environmental Geology

This type of geology studies the interactions between human beings and their environment. It studies the impact of human activities on the atmosphere and other Earths systems. This field also research and develops solutions to protect and conserve the habitats on Earth.

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4. Economic Geology

This field of geology studies the materials on Earth that are economically valuable. This includes study, occurrence, mining, and extraction of precious mineral, stones, metals, and energy resources. It also includes studies to understand the implication and feasibility of the use of different kinds of economically valuable materials.

Who is a Geologist?

A Geologist is a professional who records the locations of various rock types, then speculates on how they were formed and why they moved and changed since their formation. They find mineral and water deposits, conduct geologic surveying and mapping, and assess the appropriateness of potential development sites. Their work also includes,

1. Searching for rich resources such as minerals and petroleum reserves; investigations of the ocean floor

2. Building consultation for dams and tunnels; categorization and analysis of minerals and gems

3. Examination of the forces that shape the earth's surface such as erosion, glaciation, volcanic eruption, and seismic shifts

4. The chronology of the rocks from radioactive decay; and the strata of rock in the earth's crust are all areas of specialty.

5. Furthermore, geologists also predict the earth quickly, tornadoes, and water floods on the earth, among other things, so that safety steps may be taken in the event of any natural catastrophes

Specializations in the Field of Geology

The major specializations in the field of geography include,

1. Environmental Geologist

2. Engineering Geologist

3. Marine Geologist

4. Planetary Geologist

5. Economic Geologist

6. Petroleum Geologist

7. Geomorphologist

8. Geophysicist

9. Geohydrologist

10. Palaeontologist

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Nature of work of a Geologist

Geologists work in a variety of settings ranging from offices to construction sites and mining zones. Here is a description of how geologists can look like working in many different settings where they,

1. Schedule geological projects (such as oil extraction and water pipe building) as well as field sample activities.

2. Examine the composition of samples and specimens

3. Gathering and analyse geological data

4. Use the appropriate instruments (e.g. X-rays) to measure and test fossils, rocks, soil, ores, and other materials.

5. Write reports on findings

6. Inspect projects and conduct quality control on the suitability of materials (for example, metals for construction).

7. Examine the sites for changes, formations, dangers, and composition. Examine and assess natural resource deposits (e.g. oil).

8. Consult on a variety of geology-related topics, including waste management, resource management, and gas extraction processes, among others.

9. Ensure environmental and other regulations are met in construction and production projects (e.g. oil wells)

Scope of Geology in Pakistan

Although geological operations are more effective in other countries, geology is gaining popularity in Pakistan, and the younger generation is eager to learn about the hidden treasures under the soil of Pakistan. In Pakistan, geology has a wide scope. A geologist might pursue a variety of careers. In diverse sectors such as water and management, hydrology, and seismology, skilled geologists have acquired a better breadth of geology in Pakistan.

If you have a bachelor's or master's degree, the position of posting is determined by your own talents, experience, and degree of qualification. God has blessed Pakistan with a land that possesses all of the qualities. We have Sui-Northern Gas, large jungles, all four seasons, and enough resources to use them, but all we need are the proper people who have the ability to explore the geology of Pakistan.

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How to Become a Geologist?

A bachelor's degree in geology, earth sciences, or a similar scientific subject is required to become a geologist. A candidate can pursue a master's degree in the field after graduation. Candidates for higher education must hold a doctorate degree (Ph.D. in Geology). A master's or doctoral degree is required for specialised professions such as consultancy for oil corporations or professorships in the Geosciences.